Aldehydes

 

An aldehyde.-R is the group attached to the aldehyde group.

 

 

What are aldehydes?

A compound with a carbon atom which is bonded to a hydrogen atom and double-bonded to an oxygen atom. This is found on the end of the chain, ketones have this carbon in the middle (no H either).

Nomenclature-The name is formed by changing the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -al, so that HCHO is named methanal, and CH3CH2CH2CHO is named butanal.




 


Examples- to see
the names highlight name left of the structure



  

  

    

      Name
      Structure
    

    

      methanal
      HCHO
    

    

      ethanal
      CH3CHO
    

    

      propanal
      CH3CH2CHO
    

    

      butanal
      CH3CH2CH2CHO
    

    

      pentanal
      CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO
    

  

  




Synthesis


A primary alcohol reacts with an
oxidizing agent to make an aldehyde


         R-OH
+ Ox. Agent→ RH=O 



Example



1-Propanol is oxidized to
propanal



CH3CH2CH2OH
+ Ox. Agent—→ CH3CH2CHO



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