Saponification

 

Saponification is commonly used to refer to the reaction of a fat (ester) with a metallic alkali (base) or oil to form soap and glycerol.

 

fat + Base --> soap + glycerol

CH2-OOC-R - CH-OOC-R - CH2-OOC-R (fat) + 3 NaOH ( or KOH)

both heated →

CH2-OH -CH-OH - CH2-OH (glycerol) + 3 R-CO2-Na (soap)

Example

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